Pdf images antiretrovirals3/30/2023 Must be given within 48 hours of onset of symptomsĪdminister with food to avoid GI distressĭoes not replace need for annual influenza vaccination ![]() Tables 3.14b Oseltamivir Medication Grid Class/Subclass Monitor renal function in long-term use, especially if renal impairment Start therapy as early as possible after signs or symptoms occurĪvoid sexual contact while lesions presentĭrug is not a cure for herpes but improves signs and symptoms of herpes lesions if started earlyĬan be used long term for prevention of outbreaks Use cautiously if renal impairment, neurological problems, or dehydration IV: Give IV infusion over at least 1 hour to prevent renal tubular damage Route: PO, IV, or topical do not give IM or subcutaneously (subq) Tables 3.14a Acyclovir Medication Grid Class/Subclass Now let’s take a closer look at the medication grids for the subclasses of antivirals in Table 3.14a-d. They may also experience significant fatigue, so periods of rest should be encouraged. Patient Teaching & Education: Patients who are being treated with antiviral therapy should be instructed about the importance of antiretroviral compliance. Special Administration Considerations: Many antiretrovirals may impact renal function therefore, the patient’s urine output and renal labs should be monitored carefully for signs of decreased function. Mechanism of Action: Antiretrovirals impede virus replication. Indications: Antiretrovirals are used for the treatment of illnesses like HIV. Viral contents are released into the cell, where viral enzymes convert the single-stranded RNA genome into DNA and incorporate it into the host genome ![]() Figure 3.12 HIV attaches to a cell surface receptor of an immune cell and fuses with the cell membrane. (See Figure 3.12 to view the viral replication process of HIV.) Additionally, antiretrovirals fall under the class of antiviral medications. ![]() These types of viruses require the use of antiretroviral medications that block viral replication. Viruses with complex life cycles, such as HIV, can be more difficult to treat. Figure 3.11 Influenza virus replication stages Subclass: Antiretrovirals The influenza virus is one of the few RNA viruses that replicates in the nucleus of cells. Patient Teaching & Education: Patients who are being treated with antiviral therapy should be instructed about the importance of medication compliance. If patients experience flu-like symptoms, it is critical that they start treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset. Patients are prescribed the medication for prophylaxis against infection, known exposure, or to lesson the course of the illness. Special Administration Considerations: This medication does not cure influenza, but can decrease flu symptoms and shorten the duration of illness if taken in a timely manner. Mechanism of Action: Tamiflu prevents the release of virus from infected cells. Indications: Tamiflu (oseltamivir) is used to target the influenza virus by blocking the release of the virus from the infected cells. Special Administration Considerations: Acyclovir use may result in nephrotoxicity. Acyclovir can be administered either topically or systemically, depending on the infection. Mechanism of Action: Acyclovir causes termination of the DNA chain during the viral replication process. Indications: Acyclovir (Zovirax) and its derivatives are frequently used for the treatment of herpes and varicella virus infections, including genital herpes, chickenpox, shingles, Epstein-Barr virus infections, and cytomegalovirus infections. Each subclass will be discussed in more detail below. There are several subclasses of antiviral medications: antiherpes, antiinfluenza, anti-hepatitis, and antiretrovirals. Unlike the complex structure of fungi or protozoa, viral structure is simple. (credit a: modification of work by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention credit b: modification of work by Thomas W. (b) Ebolavirus, a member of the Filovirus family. Here they are viewed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Open Resources for Nursing (Open RN) Figure 3.10 Images of viruses (a) Members of the Coronavirus family can cause respiratory infections like the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
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